The ebola virus is a piece of singlestranded rna, polymerase, and proteins encapsulated in a viral envelope. Ebola virus and its genus were both originally named for zaire now the democratic republic of congo, the country where it was first described, and was at first suspected to be a new strain of the closely related marburg virus. Endemic to the african tropics, the ebola virus has killed thousands in recent years, putting the world health organization and major donor countries in the limelight as theyve grappled with. The ebola virus ebov is the cause of an emerging disease that may be harbored across a much larger geographic range then previously assumed. Ebola virus is one of the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body. Once the more virulent forms enter the human population, transmission occurs primarily through contact with infected body fluids and can result in major epidemics in underresourced. This can happen when a person touches the infected body fluids or objects that are contaminated with them, such as medical equipment like needles and syringes. In this study we investigated the etiology of evdlike illnesses in ebovnegative cases. There is currently no vaccine available for ebola, although several are in development.
Safe management of patients with ebola virus disease in. The virus was renamed ebola virus in 2010 to avoid confusion. The main routes of ebola virus transmission are direct contact with a symptomatic ebola patients blood and body fluids including but not limited to urine, feces, vomitus, saliva and sweat through breaks in the skin or through inoculation into the mouth, nose or eyes. Ebola virus disease information for clinicians in u. Four of the six known ebolaviruses, including ebov, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as ebola virus disease evd. Ebola virus disease formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90% caused by ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family. Ebola virus disease has a fatality rate of 50% to 90%. This case definition should be used for screening patients and should be implemented in all healthcarefacilities. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. The first case was a fiveyearold child with a recent history of travel to the democratic republic of congo drc. The macroeconomic impact of the ebola virus disease 37 3. The most common species of ebola virus responsible for outbreaks is the zaire ebolavirus, the second most common species being the sudan ebolavirus.
The ebola virus is a member of the filoviridae family genus ebolavirus. Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease most commonly affecting people and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms. Introduction to ebola virus disease world health organization. The ebola virus can cause severe viral haemorrhagic fever ebola hf outbreaks in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 90%.
Ebola virus disease who regional office for africa. Ebola is a serious and deadly virus transmitted by animals and humans. Since the first report in sudan and zaire in 1976, ebola virus disease evd, a lethal illness with an average case fatality rate of 78% 1, 2, caused more than 30 outbreaks in the subsequent 40 years. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west african. This presentation questions whos case definition for ebola virus disease. Ebola is considered a zoonotic virus, meaning that it originated in animals and then spread to humans. There are five strains of the ebola virus tai forest, sudan, bundibugyo, zaire, and reston. Over the past 40 years, more than 20 outbreaks have occurred in africa, with most of the known outbreaks occurring in the past 20 years. Having ebola virus disease evd this is a rapidly evolving situation. The index case in this outbreak has not yet been identified and epidemiologic investigations are ongoing, including laboratory testing. Ebola facts spanish pdf cdc ebola virus disease information page. Pdf ebola virus is transmitted to people as a result of direct contact with body fluids containing.
Pdf currently, west africa is facing the largest outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in history. Ebola holding units were established at the peak of the 2014 ebola virus disease outbreak in sierra leone when ebola treatment centres were confronted with overwhelming numbers of cases and a dire shortage of bed capacity. This document is based on the cdcs guidelines for evaluation of us patients suspected of having ebola virus disease released august 1, 2014 and cdc health alert 365. Standard definition for contacts persons of ebola or marburg cases important. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west. Early recognition is critical to controlling the spread of ebola virus. It is one of the viruses that is capable of causing hemorrhagic bloody fever. Ebola is an enveloped virus and is susceptible to hospitalgrade disinfectants but may. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever viral diseases enivd. Pdf ebola virus was first discovered in 1976,who reports 24 outbreaks,28,633 cases and 11,315 deaths in the recent outbreak. Dec 31, 2018 ebola virus is transmitted by contact with blood, feces, or body fluids from an infected person or by direct contact with the virus, as in a laboratory. It is caused by an infection with one of five known ebola virus species, four of which can cause disease in people.
It was initially detected in 1976 in sudan and the democratic republic of congo. Natural reservoir of ebola virus still unknown until now. The present large outbreak of ebov illustrates how an emerging disease may start and spread, the difficulty of its containment, and the sociopolitical factors that. The etiology of ebola virus diseaselike illnesses in. Within months, ebola would become a global outbreak. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. Ebola virus disease definition of ebola virus disease by. Ebola virus disease definition and meaning collins. A new evd outbreak was initiated in west africa in february 2014 by a single spillover event followed by humantohuman transmission. The mucinliked region of the ebola virus envelope play a significant role in viral infection in nonhuman primates and.
Healthcare settings case definition for ebola virus disease. Ebola virus disease, viral haemorrhagic fever, filovirus. There are six known species of viruses within the genus ebolavirus. Ebola ebola virus disease ebola ebola virus disease fact sheet. Ebola virus zaire ebolavirus, sudan virus sudan ebolavirus. A notoriously deadly virus that causes severe symptoms, the most prominent being high fever and massive internal bleeding.
Case definition recommendations for ebola or marburg virus. The holding units were intended to temporarily admit and hold in isolation patients presenting with suspected ebola virus disease while awaiting the. Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts. Four species of ebolaviruses have been identified in west or equatorial africa. The who clinical case definition for suspected cases of. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Feb 11, 2020 ebola is a viral hemorrhagic bleeding illness that has a high fatality rate. Ebola is a hemorrhagic fever disease caused by the ebola virus.
Contents 2 introduction definition ebola virus structure classification mode of transmission mechanism of action symptoms diagnosis treatment controlling the spread of ebola conclusion references 3. On 11th thjune 2019, the ministry of health of uganda declared the 6 outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the country affecting kasese district in south western uganda. Ebola, previously known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the ebola virus strains. Pdf ebola virus disease, management, and prevention. Ebola virus has caused the majority of human deaths from evd, and was. The zaire ebolavirus was responsible for the outbreak that started in west africa in 2014. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body as the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune. As of november 14, 2014, the world health organization has reported a total of 21,296 ebola virus disease evd cases, including,427 laboratoryconfirmed evd cases reported from the three most affected countries guinea, liberia, and sierra leone. Ebola river district, congo an infection caused by a species of ribonucleic acid viruses of the filovirus genus. Lhote reservoir naturel du virus ebola reste inconnu. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. May 10, 2016 during the 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak, less than half of evdsuspected cases were laboratory tested as ebola virus ebovnegative, but disease identity remained unknown. The etiology of ebola virus diseaselike illnesses in ebola. Ebola virus definition of ebola virus by merriamwebster.
Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body as the virus spreads through. Consequently, healthcare personnel should elicit the patients travel history and consider the possibility of ebola in patients who present. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Ebola virus then spreads from person to person through direct contact with blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from ebola virus disease. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. These viruses are elongated, filamentous structures of variable length. As of november 14, 2014, the world health organization has reported a total of 21,296 ebola virus disease evd. It was soon confirmed to be ebola virus disease, an illness previously seen primarily in central africa. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through.
Ebolaviruses are pathogenic agents associated with a severe, potentially fatal, systemic disease in man and great apes. Ebola virus kills as many as 90% of the people it infects. For early detection of ebola virus in suspect or probable cases, detection of viral rna or viral antigen are the recommended tests. To contain the disease, national and international actors needed access to timely, accurate, and precise data. The incubation period the period between contact with the virus and the appearance of symptoms ranges from 2 to 21 days. Ebola virus disease evd pan american health organization. Transmission electron micrograph showing some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by an ebola virus virion centers for disease. May 23, 2017 ebola is considered a zoonotic virus, meaning that it originated in animals and then spread to humans. Sep 05, 2012 natural reservoir of ebola virus still unknown until now. Ebola, also known as ebola virus disease evd, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Quarantine and isolation definitions quarantine applies to healthy individuals who may have been exposed to a communicable disease federal definition. Epidemics of ebola virus have occurred mainly in african countries including zaire now. Five distinct species of ebola virus have been isolated from various epidemics, mainly in african countries, with the exception of the reston virus that originated in the philippines.
Ebolaviruses are negative stranded rna viruses that belong to the. Ebola virus definition of ebola virus by medical dictionary. During an ebola or marburg outbreak, surveillance should sue the case definitions described in section 2, 3 and 4. Four of the strains reston is the exception are responsible for. Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Consequently, healthcare personnel should elicit the patients travel history and consider the possibility of. The first recognized ebola outbreak occurred in 1976, near the ebola river in zaire now democratic republic of congo, drc. Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.
Ebola virus definition is any of several filoviruses genus ebolavirus and especially species zaire ebolavirus of african origin that cause an often fatal hemorrhagic fever. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. As the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune system and organs. Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as ebola virus i. Kansas ebola preparedness and response plan version 9.
Ebola virus disease therapeuticsamendment federal register. Health advisory providing guidance regarding training, drilling, and patient registration requirements set forth in the commissioners order for ebola virus disease of october 16, 2014 pdf the new york state department of health doh continues to protect public health by working aggressively to prevent the spread of the ebola virus. Ebola virus, a rna virus, was discovered in 1976 as zaire ebolavirus and currently is responsible for outbreak in the west africa. It was first reported in march 2014, and was the largest outbreak since the virus was first discovered in. Ebola virus disease definition and meaning collins english. Cdc risk levels for people exposed to ebola virus risk level examples. Their definition, use, and management informed the ebola response. In march 2014, the largest ebola outbreak in history exploded across west africa. On march 23, 2014, the world health organization who announced that an ebola virus outbreak that started in the republic of guinea in december 20 had spread to numerous west african countries. The virus is a member of the filoviridae family genus ebolavirus.
This fact sheet sets out the recommendations of the comite sur les infections nosocomiales du quebec cinq2 for ebola virus disease prevention and control measures for quebec hospitals. Ultimately, it causes levels of blood clotting cells to drop. The virus was discovered in 1976 near the ebola river in the presentday democratic republic of congo. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a. To view the complete and current version, please refer to the ebola virus infection topic on the bmj best practice website. Airborne or fomite spread has not been seen in outbreaks. Laboratory diagnosis laboratory results should be communicated to who as quickly as possible, in addition to international health regulations ihr reporting. Ebov, is one of six known species within the genus ebolavirus. Of these, two tested positive for ebola virus, zaire ebolavirus species, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rtpcr on 7 may 2018, and the outbreak was officially declared on 8 may 2018. Fievre hemorra gique a virus ebola fiche technique.
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